Liquid–liquid extraction Principle:
In this process, by using a Solvent we can remove a Solute from a Feed to produce a refined and an Extract.In the simplest form of Liquid–liquid extraction, it can take the appearance of a single stage mixing and in concentration separation unit equivalent to a single stage flash.
The selection of the Solvent is very serious in completing a Liquid-Liquid Extraction. In this process it is required to make compromises in one area or another one.
As in condensation it is not so possible to achieve the parting which is mandated by the use of a single stage unit, and the requirement of multistage unit. These units are potted later and styles of process further painstaking.
Principle of Liquid–liquid extraction:
- Compactnessalteration v/s the carrier liquid is greater than 150 kg/m3
- High boiling point (for ease of material handling)
- High resistance to thermal degradation
- High solubility of the solute and low solubility in the carrier liquid
- Low cost.
- Nontoxic, not corrosive and nonflammable to develop equipment
- Low viscosity (for ease of handling)
- Mid-level interfacial tension (5–30 dyne/cm)
- Nonreactive with other substances intricate in the extraction process
Uses of Liquid–liquid extraction:
- For recovering the active materials from fermentation broths
- For washing of acids/bases, polar compounds from organics.
- Good for Lube oil quality improvement
- Good for purification of vitamin products.
- Also used for purification of phosphoric acid.
- In Copper production for recovery of rare earth elements.
- In the recovery of phenol, DMF, DMAC and acetic acid from dilute solutions.
- It is also very useful for Decaffeination of coffee and tea and Separation of essential oils.
- Recovery of caprolactam for nylon manufacture
- Purification of uranium is done in the Nuclear Industry.
- Separation of olefins/para fins
- Separation of structural isomers
- Separation of catalyst from reaction products.
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